The First Amendment right of freedom of speech applies to government restrictions on speech and does not extend to the private sector.
A business can discipline, fire, or demote a worker for what you say at work or post on social media, with some exceptions:
Some states have laws protecting speech and expression, including political advocacy at work, and there are limited protections for public employees speaking as private citizens.
The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) gives workers the right to unionize and to speak out about working conditions.
Other factors include discriminatory speech, harassment, whistleblowing, and workplace safety.
Here’s the text of the National Labor Relations Act:
RIGHTS OF EMPLOYEES
Sec. 7. [§ 157.] Employees shall have the right to self-organization, to form, join, or assist labor organizations, to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and to engage in other concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection, and shall also have the right to refrain from any or all of such activities except to the extent that such right may be affected by an agreement requiring membership in a labor organization as a condition of employment as authorized in section 8(a)(3) [section 158(a)(3) of this title].
For more information, including some examples from case law:
https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomspiggle/2018/09/28/free-speech-work-rights
https://natlawreview.com/article/free-speech-and-expression-2021-workplace
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